57th United States Congress

The Fifty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1901 to March 4, 1903, during the final six months of William McKinley's presidency, and the first year and a half of the first administration of his successor, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 Party summary
- 3.1 Senate
- 3.2 House of Representatives
4 Leadership
- 4.1 Senate
- 4.2 House of Representatives
5 Members
- 5.1 Senate
- 5.2 House of Representatives
6 Changes in Membership
7 Employees
- 7.1 Senate
- 7.2 House of Representatives
8 References

Major events

Main articles: 1901 in the United States, 1902 in the United States, and 1903 in the United States

September 6, 1901: Leon Czolgosz shot President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York
September 14, 1901: President William McKinley died. Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States
October 16, 1901: President Roosevelt invited African American leader Booker T. Washington to the White House. The American South reacted angrily to the visit, and racial violence increased in the region.
December 3, 1901: President Roosevelt delivered a 20,000-word speech to the House of Representatives, asking Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits."
February 22, 1902: Senators Benjamin Tillman and John L. McLaurin, both of South Carolina, have a fist fight while Congress is in session.^[1] Both Tillman and McLaurin were later censured by the Senate on February 28.
June 2, 1902: The Anthracite Coal Strike by the United Mine Workers began, continuing until October 21, 1902.
July 4, 1902: The Philippine–American War ended

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1901-2001#57th United States Congress

June 17, 1902: Newlands Reclamation Act
June 28, 1902: Isthmian Canal Act (Panama Canal), Sess. 1, ch. 1302, 32 Stat. 481
January 21, 1903: Militia Act of 1903
February 11, 1903: Expediting Act, Sess. 2, ch. 544, 32 Stat. 823
February 19, 1903: Elkins Act
March 3, 1903: Immigration Act of 1903, including §39, the Anarchist Exclusion Act

Party summary

Senate

	Party (Shading shows control)					Total	Vacant

	Democratic (D)	Populist (P)	Republican (R)	Silver (S)	Silver Republican (SR)
End of the previous congress	23	7	54	2	2	88	2

Begin	28	2	53	0	3	86	4
End	28	2	56	0	3	89	1
Final voting share	31.5%	2.2%	62.9%	0.0%	3.4%

Beginning of the next congress	33	0	55	0	2	90	0

House of Representatives

Democratic: 151
Republican: 200 (majority)
Populist: 5
Silver (Silver Republican): 1

TOTAL members: 357

Leadership

Senate

President: Theodore Roosevelt (R), until September 14, 1901, vacant thereafter.
President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R)
Democratic Caucus Chairman: James K. Jones (D)
Republican Conference Chairman: William B. Allison (R)

House of Representatives

Speaker: David B. Henderson (R)
Democratic Caucus Chairman: James Hay (D)
Republican Conference Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon (R)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. The Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, precede the names in the list below. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1904; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1906; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1902.